Many of us who pride ourselves on our learning are illiterate in one particular way. We know very little about the Bible, perhaps the most important book of the western world. Does this sound familiar? You decide to read through the entire Bible. Genesis is a great place to start, but somewhere along about Leviticus, feeling frustrated and bored, you give up. For those who feel the entire Bible is overwhelming, what’s needed is a guide to Biblical highlights.

As a college English professor who has taught the Bible as literature, I have had to compile a list of key books and chapters for my students. What follows is such a list, a “best of the best” for you to read.

The first part of the Old Testament contains history in the form of stories. Genesis displays a fascinating collection of people (Genesis 1-4, 6-9, 13, 15-19, 21-22, 24-25, 27-30, 32-33, 37, 39-45). Exodus tells of a miraculous escape from slavery under the leadership of Moses (Exodus 1-17, 19-20).  The Jews, like so many of us, blew many opportunities (Numbers 11-14, 20). Finally, after a long delay, they entered the Promised Land under a fierce general (Joshua 2, 6-8, 24).

Even after gaining a foothold, the Jews had to fight local antagonistic tribes. They turned repeatedly to leaders for help (Judges 4-7, 13-16). In the middle of this fighting came a  love story of a foreigner in the land of the Jews (Ruth). The story of the first Jewish king, who was followed by David’s rise and rule, has fascinated people for centuries (1 Samuel 8-31 and all of 2 Samuel).

Solomon took the kingdom to new heights, but a tragic civil war split the nation. Elijah and Elisha challenged the spiritually bankrupt people who ignored the danger signs until fierce enemies overwhelmed them (1 Kings 1-3, 6, 10, 12, 17-22 and 2 Kings2, 4-6:23, 17-19, 25). However, many later returned to their land where they faced enemies and spiritual neglect (Ezra 3 and  Nehemiah 1-2, 4-6, 8-9, 13). The history books end with an amazing escape from sure annihilation (Esther).

The next section of the Old Testament is composed of various poems. We encounter the sufferings of a righteous man (Job 1-14, 38-42). The next book, the Psalms, contains prayers and praises directed to God (Psalms 1, 8, 19, 22, 23, 51, 68, 90, 103, 139). Proverbs and Ecclesiastes are examples of wisdom literature—thoughts on life by wise individuals (Proverbs 1, 4, 10, 31 and all Ecclesiastes). The Song of Solomon is a series of love poems exchanged between a man and a woman (Song of Solomon 2, 4).

The last section of the Old Testament is devoted to the writings of the prophets, who rebuked the Jews and other nations wandering far from God. The most famous and the longest is Isaiah, but others covered similar themes ( Isaiah 6, 25, 36-40, 52-53, 55, Ezekiel 1-4, 37-39, Daniel 7-12). Some of the Bible’s best-known stories are found in two of the prophets (Daniel 1-6 and Jonah).

The New Testament is split into three sections also. The first are the historical books, similar to the initial section in the Old Testament. Three different authors give  overlapping views of the life of Jesus. I suggest reading Luke because it has so much detail and shows Jesus interacting with outcasts—women, children, the poor, the oppressed (all of Matthew, Mark, or Luke). You should also read John for its meditation on the theological significance of Jesus and His divinity (all of John). To complete the history of Jesus and his church, read portions of Acts describing the missionary outreach of the early believers (Acts 1-4, 6-8:3, 9, 15-17, 26-28).

The second section of the New Testament is composed of letters sent by Christian leaders to their churches or to individuals they knew. Start with the longest one that clearly explains salvation and the Christian life (Romans).  Other letters discuss important specific issues—church worship, spiritual gifts and the coming resurrection (1 Corinthians 11-15), salvation by grace rather than works (Galatians), the church and personal relationships (Ephesians), Christ’s return (1 Thessalonians 4-5), faith (Hebrews 11-12), difficult areas in the Christian life (James), and the importance of obedience and love as characteristics of the Christian (1 John).

The last section of the New Testament is composed of only one book, but what a book it is. Revelation is a visionary roller-coaster ride that has puzzled people for centuries. The ending is comforting for its uplifting vision of God’s triumph and the creation of a new world (Revelation 1, 4-6, 11-13, 17, 19-22).

If you follow the above reading suggestions, you will have worked your way through  important Bible passages in less than 30 hours of total reading time. You may be intrigued enough to go back to see what other treasures await you within its pages.

The Christian church loses something like 75% of all young people after high school. For many of them, they have not heard good answers to their questions. But the answers are available. What can parents and Sunday school teachers do?

But how should Christian teachers and parents go about presenting the truth of Christianity? First, they should start with the basics — what do we believe as Christians? Then, they should answer a key question — why do we believe these things? Finally, they need to cover problems and questions Christians can expect to encounter  in the secular world. Let’s look at these three steps in more detail.

First, Christian kids need to know the basic tenets of the Christian faith. They probably have heard them in bits and pieces throughout their years in Sunday school, but they need to have a coherent presentation of all the major ideas of Christianity — the nature of God, the work of Jesus Christ, the Holy Spirit, the organization and historical background of the Bible, life after death, heaven and hell, and the way of salvation. Of course, there are many sources available online that can deliver such major concepts in a clear and organized fashion. You might want to visit https://beyondtm.wordpress.com for lesson plans and to learn ways to help kids understand apologetics topics more.

Secondly, Christian young people need to understand why Christians believe these things. We must demonstrate that there is great evidence for the existence of God, that Jesus really lived and did what the gospels have recorded, that we can trust the Bible’s reliability, that life after death and the existence of the soul are reasonable beliefs, and that Christianity, of all major religions, best corresponds with what we know about the world and the human race.

Third, even if we cover both the what and the why of Christianity, we must still anticipate another key area of concern. Many young people have been confronted by skeptical non-Christians who have stumped them with questions that could have been answered with the right training. Such questions deal with the problem of evil, the nature of miracles, the blight of relativism, and the claims of other religions. The good news is that Christian thinkers over the years have also wrestled with these same questions and have come up with good answers. There is available a great resource list (see the second page of the EFCC Apologetics website). In addition, many good responses are found in the websites and books that follow in the next part of this article.

Most Christians would agree that the above three steps are important, but they might feel inadequate to cover all that territory. But many good websites and books are available to help teachers and parents. Let’s start with websites. Stand to Reason (www.str.org) has terrific resources in areas of ethics, Christianity, and apologetics. Campus Crusade for Christ (www.cru.org) has some material on apologetics. Alpha and Omega Ministries (www.aomin.org) has apologetic helps, information on cults, and further details on defending the faith. Christian Research Institute, where Hank Hanegraaf is the president, has material on cults and Christianity (www.equip.org). For all areas of apologetics, people can use Leadership University (www.leaderu.com). Another good source is Apologetics Information Ministry (www.apologeticsinfo.org), which deals with doctrine, cults, apologetics, and world religions. Parents will gain much from looking at https://mamabearapologetics.com/ and https://christianmomthoughts.com/.

Here are additional useful sites and resources for parents and teachers:

http://www.casemakersacademy.com/?fbclid=IwAR0-wNKF0ePpzF4NwTPTh8woo5IpbIcYqqtm1kYoAR9PJ7Bg4sjJVceLzY4

https://crossexamined.org/apologetics-for-children/?fbclid=IwAR1jRej6C7dsF_nsFvtpK1zuQfQ5poZAXpMUepkXyBDaCCpIK9g2AlklCwk

https://connect.rzim.org/t/apologetics-for-grade-school-children/2219

https://apps.biola.edu/apologetics-store/products/special-discounted-sets-or-combos/item/dr-craig-s-what-is-god-like-children-s-book-collection?fbclid=IwAR19HgWqV-DirWYnYhV19UO5skWEjKr7_Q0NOrB9bcooRPlB1E6daxNaHU8.

There are many good books available for those interested in teaching these three vital areas of the Christian faith. One favorite is Peter Kreeft’s Handbook of Christian Apologetics because it is simple to understand and organized clearly. Others that deserve attention include any by Josh McDowell, Natasha Crain’s Talking with Your Kids About God and Keeping Your Kids on God’s Side, William Lane Craig’s Reasonable Faith, D. James Kennedy’s Why I Believe, Paul Copan’s True For You, But Not For Me, Lee Strobel’s The Case for Christ and The Case for Faith, and Greg Koukl’s three books: Relativism, Tactics and The Story of Reality. Teachers and parents shouldn’t worry about being experts. Instead, they need to realize there are many valuable resources they can use to help provide clear evidence for our faith.

The goal of all this is to create clear-thinking Christian young people who are not afraid to share their faith. They will see that Christianity can hold its own in the marketplace of ideas. We have a faith that is not based on wishful thinking or a leap in the dark. The evidence is there for any who take the time to examine it. Let’s put 1 Peter 3:15 into practice: “Always be prepared to give an answer to everyone who asks you to give the reason for the hope that you have.”

Get to know some of the best minds in the field of apologetics, making a case for the truth of Christianity. Most are current while some have passed away. They range from world-class philosophers and thinkers to Internet and radio apologists. But all have made an impact with their works and ministries. They are in alphabetical order. (This is not a comprehensive list; many theologians and church fathers have been left off.)

Click on any link below (name or organization) to find out more.

• Kerby Anderson – Head of Probe ministries
• John Ankerberg – Founder of Ankerberg Theological Research Institute
• Ken Boa – relational evangelism, discipleship, apologetics
• Krista Bontrager – theologian, scholar communications director for Reasons Institute
• Robert Bowman – noted apologetics and theology teacher (Biola)
• Justin Brierley – host of Unbelievable? on Premier Christian Radio, UK
• Charlie Campbell – head of AlwaysBeReady.com
• Alisa (Girard) Childers – blogger, speaker
• Paul Copan – Philosophy and ethics; apologist and author
• William Lane Craig – philosopher, theologian, apologist; debater par excellence
• Natasha Crain – national speaker, author of three books, blogger
• William Dembski – philosopher of science and mathematician; ID theorist
• Lenny Esposito – founder of ComeReason apologetics ministry
• Phil Fernandes – Christian philosopher, apologist, debater with audio resources
• Hillary Morgan Ferrer – founder of Mama Bear Apologetics, author of an upcoming book
• Norman Geisler – prolific author of over 70 books; Classical apologist
• R. Douglas Geivett – Professor of Philosophy Talbot Department of Philosophy / Biola
• Douglas Groothuis – Christian philosopher, author, teacher (blog archives)
• Gary Habermas – the world’s foremost expert on the resurrection of Jesus
• Ken Ham – young Earth creationist involved with Creation Museum.
• Hank Hanegraaff – today’s Bible Answer Man
• Craig Hazen – director of Biola’s Christian Apologetics program
• Timothy Keller – urban pastor, author and apologist
• Greg Koukl – apologist and president of Stand to Reason
• Peter Kreeft – professor of philosophy at Boston College, noted apologist
• John Lennox – philosopher of science, mathematician, Oxford debater of Dawkins
• C.S. Lewis – famous author, lecturer, apologist; Narnia books, Mere Christianity
• Mike Licona – historian and apologist; authority on the resurrection of Jesus
• Paul Little – late apologist and author noted for his simple style and easy communication
• Josh McDowell – famous for Evidence that Demands a Verdict
• Sean McDowell – worldview youth minister / itinerant apologist
• Alex McFarland – itinerant apologist targeting young people, teens
• Alister McGrath – Oxford professor of theology, author and opponent of new atheism
• J.P. Moreland – Christian philosopher, noted author, apologist
• David Noebel – founder of Summit Ministries and worldview apologist
• Holly Ordway – author, professor of English and member of faculty for online M.A. in Apologetics at Houston Baptist University
• Amy Orr-Ewing – senior vice president with Ravi Zacharias International Ministries, joint director of Oxford Centre for Christian apologetics, speaker
• Nancy Pearcey – called “America’s preeminent evangelical Protestant female intellectual,” author, professor at Houston Baptist University
• Alvin Plantinga – world-class philosopher; reformed epistemology, philosophy of religion
• Doug Powell – excellent multimedia apologist at SelflessDefense
• Ron Rhodes – author and apologist founder of Reasoning from the Scriptures
• Mark D. Roberts – pastor, author, speaker, blogger. Emphasis in NT / Gospels
• Mary Jo Sharp – speaker, author, professor at Houston Baptist University
• Hugh Ross – astrophysicist apologist and old Earth creationist; founder Reasons to Believe
• Matt Slick – founder of CARM.org with extensive apologetics encyclopedia
• R.C. Sproul – notable theologian, author, and classical apologist
• Laurie Stewart – attorney, event speaker, founder of Intelligent Faith
• Lee Strobel – journalist famous for his Case for Christ series of books; popular apologist
• Melissa Cain Travis – author, professor of Christian apologetics at Houston Baptist University
• Frank Turek – itinerant apologist and founder of CrossExamined; debated Hitchens
• J. Warner Wallace – cold case detective, pastor, and apologist with extensive web site
• James White – theologian, author, prolific debater, and reformed apologist
• Dallas Willard – Christian philosopher; notable works in philosophy, discipleship
• N.T. Wright – retired Bishop of Durham; notable work on the resurrection

Many skip over this book since there are many passages referring to duties of Levite priests. But many Christians see much here as foreshadowing Jesus. Some questions for you here:

1. How can it be comforting to be part of a ritual system like the one described here?
2. Where are social responsibilities stressed?
3. Does this sacrificial system seem to be a means of buying favor with God?
4. Chapters 1-7 we see much about unintentional sin, guilt, and restitution. How similar/different are these ideas to ours today?
5. A lot in Leviticus focuses on spiritual holiness symbolized by physical perfection. Where do you see this? What leftovers of this view are seen today?

This powerful book tells the story of two key events that led to Israel’s nationhood–the escape from slavery and the revelation of God’s law (“torah”). Here are some questions to consider as you read through the book:

1. How is Moses presented as a typical hero here? Think about Superman, Batman, . . . How is he different?
2. What does God reveal about himself in Exodus?
3. Like any good literary author, the writer of Exodus is selective in the details presented. For example, what parts of the life of Moses are presented and what other parts have been skipped or barely covered?
4. Exodus seems to focus on key themes. What do you think the book is saying about God? What are themes that have to do with human characteristics?

Let’s continue with questions to get us thinking about this important part of the Bible.

1. Literary authors like Mark Twain, Herman Melville, and John Steinbeck have taken more from Genesis than any other book in the Bible. Can you explain its appeal?
2. Genesis, like other literary masterpieces, uses several devices that capture a reader’s attention. One is the use of chiasm, in which several verses are laid out with a reversing order to them. It’s easier to see it than to describe it. Look at the story of the Tower of Babel in Genesis 11:1-9. Verses 1-2 are the same format as verses 8-9, while verses 3-4 are reflected in verses 6-7. Verse 5 acts as the center point between the two sets of verses. Explain how this inversion works.
3. A literary device used here that is shared by many other books is the use of contrasts to highlight the qualities of people or places. Where do you see pairs of people or places which act as strong contrasts with each other?
4. A crucial part of Genesis is devoted to the establishment of a covenant between Abraham and God. It plays a prominent role throughout the rest of the Old Testament. Take a look at the following verses to see what the covenant covered–Genesis 12:1-3, 7; 13:14-17; 15:1-16; 17:1-21; 22:15-18.

Here are further questions to consider as you read Genesis:

1. Were you surprised to find out how honest the book is when it comes to its leading heroes? Name one person who is shown both in good and bad ways.
2. Genesis, reflecting ancient peoples’ beliefs, shows how important names were. Where do you see that?
3. Muslims, Jews, and Christians all respect Abraham. What do you see that would cause that level of admiration?
4. Compare Isaac and Rebekah–which comes across the stronger and more vivid character? Explain your choice.
5. How does the story of Joseph illustrate God’s ability in the Bible to accomplish his purposes through unsuspecting or antagonistic people?
6. The story of Joseph is important because it links the account of a family to a nation. Explain.

Let’s consider another key part of Revelation—determining when this all has/will be happening.  It focuses on one word—millennium. How long is a thousand years?

When it comes to the end times, it all depends on who you ask.

Near the end of his visions on the island of Patmos, John glimpses a glorious angelic being. The angel bursts forth from the heavens with a chain and a key in hand. Suddenly, a dragon appears as well—the same dragon who had slithered into Eden as a serpent and who whispered temptations in the Messiah’s ear in the deserts of Judea.

The divinely-empowered angel seizes the dragon, chains him, and hurls him into a bottomless pit where he will remain for “a thousand years” (Revelation 20:1-3). Throughout this span of a thousand years, the souls of martyrs and faithful witnesses live and reign with Christ (Revelation 20:4–5). In Christian theology, this thousand-year reign has become known as the “millennium,” from the Latin terms for “thousand” (mille) and “year” (annum).

Here are several ways to think about the apocalyptic texts (especially Revelation) that are found between the bonded-leather bindings of your Bible:

1. Road maps for the future? If you see Daniel, Revelation, and other apocalyptic texts mostly as road maps for the future, you are probably taking what’s known as a futurist view.
2. History textbooks about the past, present, and future? If you think apocalyptic texts prophetically provide information about a long period of history— perhaps the history of Christianity or some other significant epoch—that’s a historicist approach.
3. Allegories for all times and places? If all the visions seem to you to be allegories of struggles of God’s people in every age, that’s closer to an idealist view.
4. Long-lost newspapers from the past? If you see the biblical apocalypses as books that mostly tell about current events from the times when the texts were written—something like a lavishly-written newspaper report—that’s called a preterist perspective.

Keep in mind that none of these four approaches completely excludes the others. Partly because the biblical writers mixed literary genres, nearly every interpreter of the end times draws from more than one of these approaches when reading biblical apocalypses and end-times prophecies.